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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(6): 1516-1520, dic. 2021. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385522

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to characterize the communication between ulnar and the median nerve in the superficial palmar region from a sample of mestizo-raced population predominant in Latin America. The superficial palmar regions of 53 fresh cadaveric specimens were evaluated, whom of which underwent necropsy procedure at the Institute of Legal Medicine. Dissection was performed by planes until visualizing the presence of the Communicating Branch (CB) between the digital branches of the ulnar nerve (UN) and the median nerve (MN). Qualitative and morphometric evaluation of the CB was carried out. A CB were observed in 82/ 106 (77.4 %) of the cadaveric specimens studied, of which, 38/53 (71.7 %) were bilateral, 15/53 (28.3 %) unilateral; this being a statistically significant difference (p <0.002). Oblique trajectory of the CB between the fourth and third common digital nerve was observed in 70 (85.4 %) specimens, while the CB with transverse trajectory was found in 7 (8.5 %) regions and in a plexiform form in 5 (6.1 %) cases. The length of the CB was 20.2 ± 5.1 mm and the distances from the upper edge of the flexor retinaculum to the proximal and distal points of the CB were 25 ± 6 mm and 37.4 ± 8.3 mm respectively. The anatomical characteristics of the CB patterns, as well as the morphometric CB findings and their points of reference from the carpal flexor retinaculum, make it possible to delimit a safe area of surgical access in the first-fifth proximal of the palmar region, during the surgical approach of carpal tunnel syndrome.


RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la comunicación entre los nervios ulnar y mediano en la región palmar superficial a partir de una muestra de población de raza mestiza predominante en América Latina. Se evaluaron las regiones palmares superficiales de 53 especímenes cadavéricos frescos, los cuales fueron sometidos procedimiento de necropsia en el Instituto de Medicina Legal. La disección se realizó por planos hasta visualizar la presencia del ramo comunicante (RC) entre los ramos digitales palmares del nervio ulnar (NU) y del nervio mediano (NM). Se realizó evaluación cualitativa y morfométrica del RC, observándose RC en 82/106 (77,4 %) de los especímenes cadavéricos estudiados, de los cuales 38/53 (71,7 %) eran bilaterales, 15/53 (28,3 %) unilaterales; siendo esta una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p <0,002). Se observó trayectoria oblicua del RC entre el cuarto y tercer nervio digital palmar común en 70 muestras (85,4 %), mientras que el RC con trayectoria transversal se encontró en 7 casos (8,5 %) y en forma plexiforme en 5 casos (6,1 %). La longitud del RC fue de 20,2 ± 5,1 mm y las distancias desde el margen superior del retináculo flexor hasta los puntos proximal y distal del RC fueron de 25 ± 6 mm y 37,4 ± 8,3 mm, respectivamente. Así, los hallazgos morfométricos del RC y sus puntos de referencia, desde el retináculo flexor, permiten delimitar una zona segura de acceso quirúrgico en el primer-quinto proximal de la región palmar, durante el abordaje quirúrgico del síndrome del túnel carpiano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Ulnar Nerve/anatomy & histology , Hand/innervation , Median Nerve/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(4): 1577-1584, dic. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-670182

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un raro caso de múltiples variaciones en los miembros superiores de un espécimen cadavérico de 45 años de género masculino, del laboratorio de morfología de la Universidad Industrial de Santander (Bucaramanga-Colombia). Se observó variaciones musculares (presencia bilateral de cabezas adicionales del bíceps braquial y del musculo flexor largo del pulgar, agenesia del palmar largo derecho), nerviosas (anastomosis entre mediano y nervio musculocutáneo, y entre ulnar y mediano al nivel palmar superficial). Adicionalmente, presentó el origen de la arteria radial izquierda desde el segmento superior de la braquial. Estas diversas expresiones morfológicas determinan relevantes implicaciones clínicas y deben tenerse en cuenta en los diferentes abordajes quirúrgicos de los miembros superiores.


It is presented a rare case of multiple variations in the upper limbs of a 45 years old male cadaver specimen, ownership of the morphology laboratory of the Universidad Industrial de Santander (Bucaramanga, Colombia). Muscle variations were observed (presence of both additional heads of the biceps brachii and the flexor pollicis longus, agenesis of right palmaris longus), nervous variations (anastomosis between median and musculocutaneous nerve and between ulnar and median at superficial palmar level). Additionally it presented the radial artery origin from upper left segment of the brachial artery. These various morphological expressions determine relevant clinical implications and should be taken into account in the various surgical approaches to the upper limbs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Upper Extremity/innervation , Upper Extremity/blood supply , Anatomic Variation , Ulnar Nerve/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Radial Artery/anatomy & histology , Median Nerve/anatomy & histology , Musculocutaneous Nerve/anatomy & histology
3.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 26(2): 230-237, abr.-jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-597743

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: It is necessary knowing the large variability of right coronary (RCA) artery specialty for its implications in surgical procedures and clinic events. This variability is usually related to the length, branches quantity, origin and irrigated territories. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate by direct examination the morphologic expression of RCA in Colombian people. METHODS: RCA were measured in 221 fresh hearts by RCA ostium canalization with polyester synthetic resin that was injected in their branches. RESULTS: The caliber of the RCA proximal segment and at the level of the acute angle of the heart was 3.42 ± 0.66 mm and 2.9 ± 0.50 mm, respectively. It ended between crux cordis and the left margin in 75.6 percent of specimens. Posterior interventricular artery (PIA) reached the inferior third, or the apex, or the anterior interventricular sulcus in 149 (67.4 percent) cases. Sinoatrial node artery (SNA) originated in the right coronary in 134 (60.6 percent) cases, 77 (34.9 percent) from circumflex artery (CxA) and from both in 10 (4.5 percent). Posterior right diagonal artery (PRDA) was noted in 38 (17.2 percent) hearts, but only 6 percent of the sample with long PIA, concomitantly presented the PRDA (P = 0.001). In right dominance SNA were originated from RCA in 54.7 percent and form CxA in 46.3 percent (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Caliber of the RCA and its branches is lesser than the majority of previous studies, while the PRDA frequency is slightly higher than the reported in literature. Clinical and pathological scenarios by these variations should be taken into account: hemodynamic procedures, cardiac surgery and arrhythmias from coronary occlusive disease.


INTRODUÇÃO: É necessário conhecer a grande variabilidade da artéria coronária direita (ACD), especialmente por suas implicações nos procedimentos cirúrgicos e eventos clínicos. Esta variabilidade está geralmente relacionada à extensão, à quantidade de ramos, à origem e aos territórios irrigados. OBJETIVO: Avaliar por exame direto a expressão morfológica da ACD em sujeitos colombianos. Métodos: As ACD foram medidas em 221 corações frescos pela canalização do óstio da ACD com uma resina de poliéster sintético que foi injetada em seus ramos. RESULTADOS: O calibre do segmento proximal da ACD e ao nível do ângulo agudo do coração foi de 3,42 ± 0,66 mm e 2,9 ± 0,50 mm, respectivamente. A ACD terminou entre a crux cordis e a margem esquerda em 75,6 por cento da amostra. A artéria interventricular posterior (AIP) atingiu o terço inferior, o ápice ou o sulco interventricular anterior em 149 (67,4 por cento) casos. A artéria do nó sinoatrial (ANS) surgiu da artéria coronária direita em 134 (60,6 por cento) casos, 77 (34,9 por cento) da artéria circunflexa (ACx) e de ambas em 10 (4,5 por cento) amostras. A artéria diagonal posterior direita (ADPD) foi observada em 38 (17,2 por cento) corações, mas apenas 6 por cento da amostra com uma AIP longa, apresentaram a ADPD (P=0,001). Em corações com dominância direita, a ANS surgiu da ACD em 54,7 por cento e da ACx em 46,3 por cento dos casos (P=0,06). CONCLUSÕES: O calibre da ACD e seus ramos é menor do que o relatado na maioria de estudos anteriores, enquanto que a frequência da ADPD é ligeiramente superior ao relatado na literatura. Cenários clínicos e patológicos por estas variações devem ser levados em conta: procedimentos de hemodinâmica, cirurgia cardíaca e arritmias de doença coronária obstrutiva.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Coronary Vessels/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Colombia
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